On July 22, 2025, Trump announced a “massive deal” with Japan, while the White House released details of a framework agreement with Indonesia. As part of the Japan deal, Tokyo will invest \$550 billion in the U.S., reportedly creating “hundreds of thousands” of jobs. Tariffs on Japanese imports will be reduced to 15% from a proposed 25%. Japan also agreed to import more U.S. rice under its duty-free quota. Currently, Japan imports 770,000 metric tons of tariff-free rice annually, with the U.S. accounting for 45% of that volume. This share is expected to grow. Additionally, Japan will open up sectors like automobiles and agriculture to U.S. imports. Agriculture has remained a contentious issue in ongoing U.S.–India negotiations.Indian officials say they are monitoring these developments but stress that the deals are not yet formalised. A key concern is Japan’s effort to maintain control over rice import volumes under WTO rules.

 

The U.S.–Indonesia deal involves Jakarta removing tariffs on 99% of U.S. imports and committing to major purchases: \$3.2 billion in aircraft, \$4.5 billion in agricultural goods, and \$15 billion in energy products. In exchange, the U.S. will lower tariffs on Indonesian goods to 19%. Trade expert Ajay Srivastava warned that the deal pushes Indonesia to give up domestic regulatory control, a precedent India must avoid in its own negotiations.